Not only with ranged, but with melee aswell... The size, height and speed of an creature affects you likely to hit. I could constat that after fighting an big forest reindeer which would dodge all my arrows untill he got fatigated and making an testing character with 98% spear skill who couldn't land a single hit on a kid. (got killed by a kid with a stone, what a shame.) Other things that also affect your skills is your condition. Starving, tired and fatigated characters have a very low change to hit (maybe even thristy)... All that affects your dodge skill aswell, so, even a character with 100% dodge skill can easily be killed in certain conditions.
A small bow also is very inaccurate, go get a longbow as soon as you can.
To be on the safe side, expect that anything that would hinder your skills in real life will hinder your skill in URW.